Legal terms in plain English

LawMeaning explains legal vocabulary the way a friend who happens to be a lawyer would — short, accurate, and without the jargon. Search 527 terms across 17 areas of law.

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Contract Law

Terms used in contracts — agreements, breach, damages, performance, and the words that show up in fine print.

Criminal Law

Crimes, defenses, procedure, charges, and the vocabulary used in criminal courts.

Civil Procedure

How civil cases move through court — pleadings, motions, discovery, judgments, and appeals.

Tort Law

Personal-injury and civil-wrong terms — negligence, liability, damages, and standards of care.

Property & Real Estate

Real-property and personal-property terms — deeds, easements, titles, leases, and ownership rights.

Family Law

Marriage, divorce, custody, support, adoption, and other family-related legal terms.

Estate & Probate

Wills, trusts, inheritance, probate, and the rules around passing assets after death.

Employment Law

Workplace and labor terms — at-will, wrongful termination, FMLA, ADA, harassment, wage and hour.

Constitutional Law

Constitutional rights, doctrines, and the vocabulary of due process, equal protection, and judicial review.

Corporate & Business

Business entities, governance, securities, mergers, fiduciary duties, and corporate transactions.

Tax Law

IRS, deductions, capital gains, withholding, audits, and other tax-related terms.

Immigration Law

Visas, green cards, naturalization, asylum, deportation, and immigration-court vocabulary.

Intellectual Property

Patents, copyrights, trademarks, trade secrets, and licensing terms.

Bankruptcy

Chapter 7, Chapter 11, Chapter 13, discharge, automatic stay, and bankruptcy-court terms.

Evidence

Hearsay, admissibility, privilege, burden of proof, and the rules courts use to weigh facts.

Courtroom Procedure

Motions, objections, voir dire, sentencing, and what actually happens inside a courtroom.

General Legal

Foundational legal vocabulary — Latin terms, doctrines, and words that appear across every area of law.

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Popular terms

Statute of Limitations
A law setting the maximum time period within which a lawsuit can be filed after an injury or breach occurs.
Force Majeure
An unforeseeable, uncontrollable event that excuses contract performance.
Habeas Corpus
A legal action challenging unlawful or indefinite detention and demanding release or a hearing.
Pro Bono
Legal work performed without charge for the public good or those who cannot afford it.
Negligence
Failure to exercise reasonable care that results in harm to another person.
Tort
A wrongful act or breach of duty (other than contract) that causes harm and creates civil liability.
Subpoena
A court order requiring someone to testify in court or produce documents or evidence.
Deposition
A formal out-of-court questioning of a witness or party under oath, with a transcript recorded.
Affidavit
A written statement sworn under oath before an authorized official, used as evidence in court.
Probate
The court process of validating a will and distributing a deceased person's estate.
Power of Attorney
A legal document authorizing someone to act on your behalf in financial or medical decisions.
Living Will
A document stating your wishes about life-sustaining medical treatment if you become unable to communicate.
Easement
The right to use someone else's land for a specific purpose, like crossing it or running utilities.
Escrow
Money or documents held by a neutral third party until transaction conditions are met.
Lien
A legal claim against property to secure payment of a debt or obligation.
Felony
A serious crime punishable by more than one year in prison or death.
Misdemeanor
A less serious crime punishable by up to one year in jail and/or fines.
DUI
Driving under the influence of alcohol or drugs, a serious criminal offense.
Expungement
A legal process that erases or seals a criminal conviction from your record.
Plea Bargain
A negotiated agreement where a defendant pleads guilty in exchange for reduced charges or sentencing.
Mens Rea
The guilty mind or criminal intent required to establish most crimes.
Actus Reus
The guilty act or physical conduct that constitutes the crime itself.
Voir Dire
The questioning process used to select impartial jurors for a trial.
Discovery
The legal process where parties exchange information and evidence before trial.