Force Majeure

In one sentence

An unforeseeable, uncontrollable event that excuses contract performance.

Plain English

Force majeure (French for "superior force") is a contract clause that lets someone off the hook if something catastrophic and beyond their control prevents them from performing. Think earthquakes, wars, pandemics, or acts of God—events nobody could have predicted or prevented. If a force majeure clause applies, the person affected doesn't have to perform and usually isn't liable for breach. However, the clause only works if the event truly was unforeseeable and the contract specifically lists it or similar events.

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Example

A concert venue has a force majeure clause in its contract with a band. When a hurricane makes travel impossible, the band can cancel without penalty because the natural disaster is beyond their control and the contract covers such events.

Used in a sentence

“The supplier invoked the force majeure clause when a factory fire made it impossible to deliver the ordered goods on time.”

Related terms

Enforceability

The legal ability to compel someone to follow through on a contract's terms in court.

Material Fact

A fact that significantly affects a party's rights, obligations, or decision-making in a contract.

Remedy

A legal action or payment a court awards to fix a harm or enforce a right after a breach.

Illegal Contract

A contract whose purpose or performance violates the law.

Conditions Subsequent

An event that, if it happens, ends a party's obligation or allows them to cancel the contract.

Disclaimer of Warranties

A statement that removes or limits the automatic guarantees a seller would otherwise provide.

Offer

A proposal to enter into a binding agreement on specific terms.

Acceptance

Agreeing to the exact terms of an offer, creating a binding contract.

This page is a plain-English reference and is not legal advice. Laws vary by jurisdiction and change over time. For specific situations consult a licensed attorney.