Legal terms starting with I
40 terms
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- identificationThe process of proving or confirming someone's identity, especially in criminal cases.
- Illegal ContractA contract whose purpose or performance violates the law.
- Illusory PromiseA promise that appears binding but actually gives one party the power to escape it.
- ImpeachmentAttacking a witness's credibility or reliability by presenting contradictory evidence.
- Implied ConditionA requirement not written in a contract but understood to be part of the deal.
- Implied ConditionsConditions that courts infer must be met even though the parties did not state them.
- Implied ContractA contract where the parties' intent to be bound is shown by conduct rather than explicit words.
- Implied Covenant of Good Faith and Fair DealingAn unwritten promise in every contract that parties will act honestly and fairly toward each other.
- Implied WarrantyAn unspoken legal guarantee that a product is fit for its ordinary purpose and of acceptable quality.
- Implied Warranty of Fitness for a Particular PurposeA guarantee that goods will work for a specific purpose the buyer told the seller about.
- Implied Warranty of HabitabilityA landlord's legal duty to maintain rental property in safe, livable condition.
- Implied Warranty of MerchantabilityAn automatic guarantee that goods sold by a merchant are fit for their ordinary purpose.
- Implied-in-Fact ContractA contract inferred from the parties' conduct and the circumstances of their dealings.
- Implied-in-Law ContractA court-imposed obligation to prevent unjust enrichment when no actual contract exists.
- ImpossibilityA situation where performance of a contract becomes physically or legally impossible after the contract is made.
- Impossibility of PerformanceA situation where performing a contract becomes impossible through no party's fault.
- ImpracticabilityPerformance remains theoretically possible but becomes so difficult or expensive that it's unreasonably burdensome.
- Impracticability of PerformanceA legal excuse when unforeseen circumstances make contract performance extremely difficult or expensive.
- In Terrorem ClauseA will provision that punishes beneficiaries who challenge the will by cutting off their inheritance.
- Incidental BeneficiaryA third party who benefits from a contract by accident, not by the parties' intent.
- Incidental DamagesExtra costs directly caused by a breach, like shipping or storage fees.
- incriminating statementA statement made by someone that suggests they committed a crime or participated in criminal activity.
- IndemnificationA promise to compensate someone for losses, damages, or legal costs they suffer.
- Indemnity ClauseA contract provision requiring one party to compensate the other for losses, damages, or legal costs arising from specified events.
- IndictmentA formal written accusation charging someone with a crime, issued by a grand jury.
- Informal ContractA contract that does not require special formalities and can be binding even if made orally or casually.
- InjunctionA court order telling someone to stop doing something or start doing something.
- Innocent MisrepresentationA false statement made honestly, without knowledge of its falsity or negligence.
- Innocent Until Proven GuiltyThe legal principle that a defendant is presumed innocent unless the prosecution proves guilt beyond a reasonable doubt.
- insanity defenseA legal argument that the defendant was mentally ill and therefore not responsible for their criminal conduct.
- Integrated AgreementA written contract that the parties intend as the complete and final statement of their deal.
- Intended BeneficiaryA person who is not a party to a contract but has the right to enforce it because the parties meant to benefit them.
- intentThe defendant's conscious purpose or knowledge that their actions would cause a particular result.
- Intestate SuccessionThe legal process of distributing a deceased person's property when they leave no valid will.
- IntoxicationBeing under the influence of alcohol or drugs in a way that impairs judgment and contract capacity.
- Invitation to OfferA request or display that invites others to make an offer, not an offer itself.
- Invitation to TreatA display or communication inviting others to make an offer, not itself an offer.
- involuntary manslaughterCausing someone's death without intent to kill, through reckless or negligent conduct.
- Irrevocable TrustA trust that cannot be changed, modified, or terminated once created without beneficiary consent.
- IssueAll direct descendants of a person, including children, grandchildren, and great-grandchildren.