Criminal Law Terms and Definitions — Plain English Guide

Felony vs. misdemeanor, mens rea, bail, and everything else you need to understand the US criminal justice system.

1. 1
   Felony

   A serious crime punishable by more than one year in prison or death.
2. 2
   Misdemeanor

   A less serious crime punishable by up to one year in jail and/or fines.
3. 3
   Mens Rea

   The guilty mind or criminal intent required to establish most crimes.
4. 4
   Actus Reus

   The guilty act or physical conduct that constitutes the crime itself.
5. 5
   Plea Bargain

   A negotiated agreement where a defendant pleads guilty in exchange for reduced charges or sentencing.
6. 6
   Bail

   Money or property pledged to secure a defendant's release before trial.
7. 7
   Arraignment

   A defendant's first court appearance to hear charges and enter a plea.
8. 8
   Probable Cause

   Reasonable grounds to believe a person committed a crime or evidence exists.
9. 9
   Expungement

   A legal process that erases or seals a criminal conviction from your record.
10. 10
    Stand Your Ground

    A law allowing a person to use force, including deadly force, to defend themselves without a duty to retreat.
11. 11
    Castle Doctrine

    A law stating that a person's home is their castle and they can use force to defend it without duty to retreat.
12. 12
    Self-Defense

    The legal right to use reasonable force to protect yourself from harm.
13. 13
    DUI

    Driving under the influence of alcohol or drugs, a serious criminal offense.
14. 14
    Concealed Carry

    The legal right to carry a hidden firearm in public, typically requiring a permit.
15. 15
    Marijuana Laws

    State and federal regulations governing the possession, sale, and use of cannabis.
16. 16
    Miranda Rights

    Rights that police must inform a suspect of before custodial interrogation, including the right to remain silent and right to counsel.

This guide is a plain-English reference and is not legal advice. Laws vary by jurisdiction and change over time. For specific situations consult a licensed attorney.