Innocent Until Proven Guilty

Also known as: Presumption of Innocence

In one sentence

The legal principle that a defendant is presumed innocent unless the prosecution proves guilt beyond a reasonable doubt.

Plain English

This is a foundational rule in criminal law: when someone is accused of a crime, the law assumes they are innocent from the start. The burden is on the prosecution to prove the defendant guilty in court. The defendant doesn't have to prove innocence; instead, the prosecution must present evidence so convincing that a reasonable person would have no doubt about guilt. If the evidence doesn't meet that high standard, the defendant must be acquitted.

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Example

A person is arrested for theft, but at trial the prosecution's evidence is weak and contradictory. Because the prosecution failed to prove guilt beyond a reasonable doubt, the defendant is acquitted—even though the defendant presented no defense witnesses.

Used in a sentence

“The judge reminded the jury that innocent until proven guilty means the defendant bears no burden of proof.”

Related terms

acquittal

A court decision that a defendant is not guilty of the charges.

Arraignment

A defendant's first court appearance to hear charges and enter a plea.

Discovery

The legal process where parties exchange information and evidence before trial.

Stand Your Ground

A law allowing a person to use force, including deadly force, to defend themselves without a duty to retreat.

Castle Doctrine

A law stating that a person's home is their castle and they can use force to defend it without duty to retreat.

Expungement

A legal process that erases or seals a criminal conviction from your record.

Felony

A serious crime punishable by more than one year in prison or death.

Misdemeanor

A less serious crime punishable by up to one year in jail and/or fines.

This page is a plain-English reference and is not legal advice. Laws vary by jurisdiction and change over time. For specific situations consult a licensed attorney.