Grand Jury

Also known as: Jury of Indictment

In one sentence

A group of citizens who review evidence to decide if there's probable cause to charge someone with a crime.

Plain English

A grand jury is a group of ordinary citizens (usually 16 to 23 people) who meet in private to examine evidence presented by prosecutors. Their job is to determine whether there is probable cause—a reasonable belief—that a person committed a crime. If the grand jury agrees there's enough evidence, they issue an indictment, which formally charges the person. Grand juries do not decide guilt or innocence; that happens at trial.

Ad slot

Example

After a shooting incident, prosecutors presented evidence to a grand jury, including witness statements and ballistics reports. The grand jury voted to issue an indictment, allowing the case to proceed to trial.

Used in a sentence

“The grand jury declined to indict the officer, finding insufficient evidence of criminal wrongdoing.”

Related terms

Conviction

A formal declaration that someone is guilty of a crime after trial or plea.

Defense Attorney

A lawyer who represents a person accused of a crime in court.

Evidence

Information, documents, or physical items presented in court to prove or disprove facts.

Due Process

The constitutional right to fair legal procedures and treatment by the government.

complaint

A formal written accusation that starts a criminal case.

Beyond a Reasonable Doubt

The highest standard of proof required to convict a defendant in a criminal trial.

Stand Your Ground

A law allowing a person to use force, including deadly force, to defend themselves without a duty to retreat.

Castle Doctrine

A law stating that a person's home is their castle and they can use force to defend it without duty to retreat.

This page is a plain-English reference and is not legal advice. Laws vary by jurisdiction and change over time. For specific situations consult a licensed attorney.