Conviction

Also known as: Guilty Verdict

In one sentence

A formal declaration that someone is guilty of a crime after trial or plea.

Plain English

A conviction is what happens when a court officially finds you guilty of committing a crime. This can occur either after a trial where a judge or jury decides you're guilty, or when you plead guilty and accept responsibility. Once convicted, you have a criminal record and may face sentencing, which determines your punishment.

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Example

After a three-week trial, the jury returned a guilty verdict, resulting in a conviction for armed robbery. The defendant now has a permanent criminal record and will return to court for sentencing next month.

Used in a sentence

“Her conviction for fraud resulted in a five-year prison sentence.”

Related terms

Sentencing

The judge's decision on punishment after a defendant is found guilty.

Beyond a Reasonable Doubt

The highest standard of proof required to convict a defendant in a criminal trial.

Bench Trial

A trial where a judge, not a jury, decides guilt or innocence.

appeal as of right

An appeal that a defendant can file automatically without needing special permission from the court.

criminal intent

The mental state or purpose required to commit a crime.

Misdemeanor

A less serious crime punishable by up to one year in jail and/or fines.

Stand Your Ground

A law allowing a person to use force, including deadly force, to defend themselves without a duty to retreat.

Castle Doctrine

A law stating that a person's home is their castle and they can use force to defend it without duty to retreat.

This page is a plain-English reference and is not legal advice. Laws vary by jurisdiction and change over time. For specific situations consult a licensed attorney.