charging document

In one sentence

An official paper that formally accuses someone of committing a crime.

Plain English

A charging document is the formal paperwork that starts a criminal case. It can be a complaint (filed by police or a prosecutor), an indictment (issued by a grand jury), or an information (filed by a prosecutor). The document spells out the specific crime(s) the person is accused of committing and is signed by an authorized official. It's the legal foundation for the entire prosecution.

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Example

After a police investigation into a robbery, the prosecutor files a charging document accusing a suspect of armed robbery and theft. The document lists the date, location, and details of the alleged crime. Once filed, the suspect is formally charged and can be arrested or summoned to court.

Used in a sentence

“The charging document alleged that the defendant stole over $50,000 from the company.”

Related terms

complaint

A formal written accusation that starts a criminal case.

Warrant

A guarantee or promise that something is true or will work as stated.

guilty plea

A defendant's admission in court that they committed the crime(s) charged, typically resulting in conviction without trial.

acquittal

A court decision that a defendant is not guilty of the charges.

bond

Money paid to secure release from jail before trial.

Stand Your Ground

A law allowing a person to use force, including deadly force, to defend themselves without a duty to retreat.

Castle Doctrine

A law stating that a person's home is their castle and they can use force to defend it without duty to retreat.

Expungement

A legal process that erases or seals a criminal conviction from your record.

This page is a plain-English reference and is not legal advice. Laws vary by jurisdiction and change over time. For specific situations consult a licensed attorney.