Right to Work

In one sentence

A legal principle that employees cannot be forced to join a union or pay union fees as a job condition.

Plain English

Right to work is a state law that protects workers from being required to join a labor union or pay union dues in order to keep their job. In right-to-work states, union membership is voluntary. This contrasts with union-security agreements in other states, where workers may be required to join or contribute to a union as a condition of employment.

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Example

An employee in a right-to-work state works at a factory where most workers belong to a union. The employer and union cannot force this employee to join the union or pay fees; they can only work there without union membership if they choose.

Used in a sentence

The right-to-work law in Texas prevented the union from requiring all factory workers to pay membership dues.

How Right to Work differs by state

Right to Work can apply differently depending on the state. Click a state to see local specifics.

Alabama
Alabama is a right-to-work state where employees cannot be required to join unions or pay union dues.
Alaska
Alaska is a right-to-work state prohibiting mandatory union membership or fee requirements for employment.
Arizona
Arizona is a right-to-work state where workers cannot be forced to join unions or pay union fees.
Arkansas
Arkansas is a right-to-work state prohibiting employers from requiring union membership or dues payment for employment.
California
California is not a right-to-work state; unions can require non-members to pay fair-share fees for representation.
Colorado
Colorado is not a right-to-work state; unions can require membership or fees as a condition of employment.
Connecticut
Connecticut is not a right-to-work state; unions can require membership or financial contributions as a job condition.
Delaware
Delaware is not a right-to-work state; unions may require membership or fees under collective bargaining agreements.
Florida
Florida is a right-to-work state; employees cannot be forced to join a union or pay union fees.
Georgia
Georgia is a right-to-work state; employees cannot be compelled to join a union or pay union fees.
Hawaii
Hawaii is a union-friendly state with no right-to-work law; unions can require membership or fees.
Idaho
Idaho is a right-to-work state; employees cannot be forced to join unions or pay union dues.
Illinois
Illinois is a union-friendly state with no right-to-work law; unions can require membership or fees.
Indiana
Indiana is a right-to-work state; employees cannot be forced to join unions or pay union dues.
Iowa
Iowa is a right-to-work state; employees cannot be forced to join unions or pay union dues.
Kansas
Kansas is a right-to-work state where employees cannot be required to join unions or pay union dues.
Kentucky
Kentucky is a right-to-work state where workers cannot be forced to join unions or pay union fees as employment conditions.
Louisiana
Louisiana is a right-to-work state where employees cannot be required to join unions or pay union dues to work.
Maine
Maine does not have a right-to-work law; union security agreements and fair-share fees are permitted under state law.
Maryland
Maryland does not have a right-to-work law; union security agreements and fair-share fees are legally permitted.
Massachusetts
Massachusetts prohibits right-to-work laws; unions can require membership or fees as employment conditions.
Michigan
Michigan adopted right-to-work in 2012; employees cannot be forced to join unions or pay dues.
Minnesota
Minnesota prohibits right-to-work laws; unions can require fees but not membership as employment conditions.
Mississippi
Mississippi is a right-to-work state; employees cannot be required to join unions or pay dues.
Missouri
Missouri adopted right-to-work in 2017; employees cannot be forced to join unions or pay fees.
Montana
Montana is a right-to-work state where employees cannot be required to join unions or pay union dues.
Nebraska
Nebraska is a right-to-work state prohibiting mandatory union membership or fees as employment conditions.
Nevada
Nevada is a right-to-work state where workers cannot be compelled to join unions or pay union fees.
New Hampshire
New Hampshire is a right-to-work state where employees cannot be forced to join unions or pay union dues.
New Jersey
New Jersey is not a right-to-work state; it permits union security agreements requiring fee payments from non-members.
New Mexico
New Mexico is not a right-to-work state; unions can require membership or fees as a condition of employment.
New York
New York is not a right-to-work state; unions can require membership or fees under negotiated agreements.
North Carolina
North Carolina is a right-to-work state; employees cannot be required to join unions or pay union fees.
North Dakota
North Dakota is a right-to-work state; employees cannot be forced to join unions or pay union fees.
Ohio
Ohio is not a right-to-work state; unions can require membership or fees under negotiated union security agreements.
Oklahoma
Oklahoma is a right-to-work state where employees cannot be required to join unions or pay union dues.
Oregon
Oregon is not a right-to-work state; unions can require fees from non-members in unionized workplaces.
Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania is not a right-to-work state; unions can require non-members to pay representation fees.
Rhode Island
Rhode Island is not a right-to-work state; unions can require fees from all employees in unionized workplaces.
South Carolina
South Carolina is a right-to-work state where employees cannot be forced to join unions or pay union fees.
South Dakota
South Dakota is a right-to-work state where employees cannot be required to join unions or pay union dues.
Tennessee
Tennessee prohibits union membership or dues payments as a condition of employment under state right-to-work law.
Texas
Texas law prohibits requiring union membership or dues payment as a condition of employment or continued work.
Utah
Utah prohibits conditioning employment on union membership or the payment of union dues or fees.
Vermont
Vermont does not have a right-to-work statute; unions may negotiate union-security agreements requiring membership or fees.
Virginia
Virginia is a right-to-work state where employees cannot be required to join unions or pay union dues.
Washington
Washington is not a right-to-work state; union security agreements and agency fees are generally permitted.
West Virginia
West Virginia is a right-to-work state where employees cannot be compelled to join unions or pay union fees.
Wisconsin
Wisconsin is a right-to-work state; employees cannot be forced to join unions or pay union dues.
Wyoming
Wyoming is a right-to-work state where employees cannot be required to join unions or pay union fees.
District of Columbia
District of Columbia is not a right-to-work jurisdiction; unions can require membership or fees as a condition of employment.

Related terms

This page is a plain-English reference and is not legal advice. Laws vary by jurisdiction and change over time. For specific situations consult a licensed attorney.