Assault

Also known as: Battery

In one sentence

An intentional act that causes someone to fear imminent physical harm.

Plain English

Assault is when someone intentionally does something that makes another person reasonably fear they are about to be hit or hurt. Importantly, actual physical contact is not required for assault; the threat or attempt alone is enough. If physical contact does occur, that may be battery. Assault is both a crime and can be grounds for a civil lawsuit.

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Example

During an argument, Derek swings his fist at his coworker Maya, missing her by inches. Even though he did not touch her, Derek has committed assault because Maya reasonably feared imminent harm from his intentional action.

Used in a sentence

“The defendant was charged with assault for threatening to punch the victim.”

Related terms

criminal court

A court that handles cases involving alleged violations of criminal law and determines guilt or innocence.

battery

Intentional physical contact with another person without consent.

intent

The defendant's conscious purpose or knowledge that their actions would cause a particular result.

Arrest

The act of taking someone into police custody based on probable cause.

enhanced sentencing

A longer or harsher sentence imposed when certain aggravating factors or prior convictions are present.

Plea Bargain

A negotiated agreement where a defendant pleads guilty in exchange for reduced charges or sentencing.

Stand Your Ground

A law allowing a person to use force, including deadly force, to defend themselves without a duty to retreat.

Castle Doctrine

A law stating that a person's home is their castle and they can use force to defend it without duty to retreat.

This page is a plain-English reference and is not legal advice. Laws vary by jurisdiction and change over time. For specific situations consult a licensed attorney.