Ratification

In one sentence

Accepting and confirming a contract or action, usually one that was previously invalid or unauthorized.

Plain English

Ratification means you approve and confirm something after the fact. If you sign a voidable contract (say, as a minor) and later, after turning 18, you say "yes, I agree to this," you've ratified it—you've given up your right to cancel it. Ratification can be express (you say it clearly) or implied (your actions show you accept it). Once you ratify, you're locked in.

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Example

A 17-year-old signs a lease. After turning 18, they continue living in the apartment and paying rent without objecting. By their conduct, they've ratified the lease and can no longer cancel it based on being a minor.

Used in a sentence

“The company ratified the unauthorized contract by accepting the benefits and continuing to perform under it.”

Related terms

Voidable

A contract that is valid unless and until one party chooses to cancel it.

Legal Capacity

The legal and mental ability to enter into a binding contract.

Minor

A person who has not reached the legal age of adulthood, usually 18.

Acceptance by Silence

Accepting a contract by doing nothing when the other party expects a response.

Implied Contract

A contract where the parties' intent to be bound is shown by conduct rather than explicit words.

Offer

A proposal to enter into a binding agreement on specific terms.

Acceptance

Agreeing to the exact terms of an offer, creating a binding contract.

Consideration

Something of value exchanged by each party to make a contract binding.

This page is a plain-English reference and is not legal advice. Laws vary by jurisdiction and change over time. For specific situations consult a licensed attorney.