Self-Defense in Virginia
State-specific overview · Criminal Law
Virginia allows self-defense with reasonable force but requires you to retreat if safely possible before using deadly force.
How Virginia treats Self-Defense
Virginia recognizes a duty to retreat when you can do so safely, meaning you cannot stand your ground in most situations. You may use non-deadly force to protect yourself from imminent harm without retreating. Deadly force is justified only when you reasonably believe it is necessary to prevent death, serious bodily injury, or a felony, and only after attempting to retreat when possible. Your home is an exception—you have no duty to retreat in your own dwelling.
The general definition of Self-Defense
The legal right to use reasonable force to protect yourself from harm.
Self-defense is a legal justification for using force against someone who is attacking or about to attack you. The key word is 'reasonable'—the force you use must be proportional to the threat you face. Most states recognize a 'duty to retreat' in some situations, meaning you must try to escape if safely possible before using force. Some states have 'Stand Your Ground' laws that eliminate the duty to retreat and allow you to use force where you have a legal right to be.
Read the full Self-Defense entry →This page is a plain-English reference and is not legal advice. State laws change frequently. For specific situations consult a licensed attorney in Virginia.