Self-Defense in California
State-specific overview · Criminal Law
You may use reasonable force to defend yourself, but must retreat if safely possible in public.
How California treats Self-Defense
California allows you to use reasonable force to defend yourself from imminent harm, but generally requires you to retreat if you can do so safely and know of a safe escape route—except in your own home. You may use deadly force only if you reasonably believe it's necessary to prevent death or serious injury. California courts evaluate self-defense claims based on whether a reasonable person in your position would have acted similarly.
The general definition of Self-Defense
The legal right to use reasonable force to protect yourself from harm.
Self-defense is a legal justification for using force against someone who is attacking or about to attack you. The key word is 'reasonable'—the force you use must be proportional to the threat you face. Most states recognize a 'duty to retreat' in some situations, meaning you must try to escape if safely possible before using force. Some states have 'Stand Your Ground' laws that eliminate the duty to retreat and allow you to use force where you have a legal right to be.
Read the full Self-Defense entry →This page is a plain-English reference and is not legal advice. State laws change frequently. For specific situations consult a licensed attorney in California.